[276] According to one account, Roman general Marcus Aurelius Probus regained Egypt from Palmyra;[note 29][277] Aurelian entered Issus and headed to Antioch, where he defeated Zenobia in the Battle of Immae. [82], The last Palmyrene inscription of 279/280 refers to the honouring of a citizen by the Maththabolians,[73] which indicates that the tribal system still carried weight after the fall of Zenobia. palmyra beam in English translation and definition "palmyra beam", Dictionary English-English online. The noun PALMYRA has 1 sense: 1. tall fan palm of Africa and India and Malaysia yielding a hard wood and sweet sap that is a source of palm wine and sugar; leaves used for thatching and weaving. [note 18][208] This was followed by the arrival of the Roman legion Legio X Fretensis the following year. [112] Little painting, and none of the bronze statues of prominent citizens (which stood on brackets on the main columns of the Great Colonnade), have survived. • PALMYRA (noun) The noun PALMYRA has 1 sense:. See 3 authoritative translations of Palmera in English with example sentences and audio pronunciations. [166] The restoration of the Lion of Al-lāt took two months and the statue was displayed on 1 October 2017; it will remain in the National Museum of Damascus. [441] The most notable irrigation work is Harbaqa Dam which was constructed in the late first century AD;[note 39][442] it is located 48 km (30 mi) southwest of the city and can collect 140,000 cubic metres (4,900,000 cu ft) of water. [310] It became part of the district of Homs,[311] which was given as a fiefdom to the Ayyubid general Shirkuh in 1168 and confiscated after his death in 1169. In the Hellenistic tradition, the agora was the center of athletic, artistic, spiritual and political life of the city. [65] Aside from the existence of a Palmyrene ethnicity, Aramean or Arab are the two main ethnic designations debated by historians;[60] Javier Teixidor stated that "Palmyra was an Aramaean city and it is a mistake to consider it as an Arab town", while Yasamin Zahran criticized this statement and argued that the inhabitants considered themselves Arabs. Palmyra is a variant form of the Hungarian, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish Palmira. Palmyra changed hands on a number of occasions between different empires before becoming a subject of the Roman Empire in the first century AD. [321] Muhanna declared his loyalty to Öljaitü of the Ilkhanate in 1312 and was dismissed and replaced with his brother Fadl by sultan an-Nasir Muhammad. [357] Following the recapture of the city, Russian de-mining teams began clearing mines planted by ISIL prior to their retreat. [141] The Elephantine Jews, a diaspora community established between 650-550 BC in Egypt, might have come from Palmyra. [192] The earliest known inscription in Palmyrene is dated to around 44 BC;[49] Palmyra was still a minor sheikhdom, offering water to caravans which occasionally took the desert route on which it was located. Palmyra (/ˌpælˈmaɪrə/; Palmyrene: Tadmor; Arabic: تَدْمُر Tadmur) is an ancient Semitic city in present-day Homs Governorate, Syria. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2021, Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [53] After being defeated by Marwan II during a civil war in the caliphate, Umayyad contender Sulayman ibn Hisham fled to the Banu Kalb in Palmyra, but eventually pledged allegiance to Marwan in 744; Palmyra continued to oppose Marwan until the surrender of the Banu Kalb leader al-Abrash al-Kalbi in 745. [389], The strategoi were appointed by the council with the approval of Rome. [269] The conquests were made behind a mask of subordination to Rome. PALMYRA, the Greek and Latin name of a famous city of the East, now a mere collection of Arab hovels, but still an object of interest on account of its wonderful ruins. What Is The Difference Between “It’s” And “Its”? Synonyms. [103][104] A relief of the person interred formed part of the wall's decoration, acting as a headstone. [46] Sheikh Zabdibel, who aided the Seleucids in the battle of Raphia (217 BC), was mentioned as the commander of "the arabs and neighbouring tribes to the number of ten thousands";[47] Zabdibel and his men were not actually identified as Palmyrenes in the texts, but the name "Zabdibel" is a Palmyrene name leading to the conclusion that the sheikh hailed from Palmyra. It could be a result of the aristocracy suffering many casualties in the war against Rome, or fleeing to the countryside. [20] The settlement, known as the Hellenistic settlement, had residences expanding to the wadi's northern bank during the first century. [171] It was mentioned next in the Mari tablets as a stop for trade caravans and nomadic tribes, such as the Suteans,[57] and was conquered along with its region by Yahdun-Lim of Mari. [note 35][394][395] Palmyra's infantry was armed with swords, lances and small round shields;[212] the clibanarii were fully armored (including their horses), and used heavy spears (kontos) 3.65 metres (12.0 ft) long without shields. In 273, Roman emperor Aurelian destroyed the city, which was later restored by Diocletian at a reduced size. [462] French artist and architect Louis-François Cassas conducted an extensive survey of the city's monuments in 1785, publishing over a hundred drawings of Palmyra's civic buildings and tombs. Sculpture in the Palmyra Museum, before and after the conflict. 1. tall fan palm of Africa and India and Malaysia yielding a hard wood and sweet sap that is a source of palm wine and sugar; leaves used for thatching and weaving Familiarity information: PALMYRA used as a noun is very rare. Under French Mandatory rule in 1932, the inhabitants were moved into the new village of Tadmur, and the ancient site became available for excavations. Offerings to gods in the names of women are documented. [note 20][211] The Romans used Palmyrene soldiers,[212] but (unlike typical Roman cities) no local magistrates or prefects are recorded in the city. [8] According to this theory, "Tadmor" derives from the Hurrian word tad ("to love") with the addition of the typical Hurrian mid vowel rising (mVr) formant mar. [254] The queen was careful not to provoke Rome, claiming for herself and her son the titles held by her husband while guaranteeing the safety of the borders with Persia and pacifying the Tanukhids in Hauran. As another instance of the permanency of place-names, the city of Palmyra is curiously notable. [note 10] However, unlike the Greek Agoras (public gathering places shared with public buildings), Palmyra's agora resembled an Eastern caravanserai more than a hub of public life. Palmyra definition: an ancient city in central Syria : said to have been built by Solomon | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples [406][415], Although the Palmyrenes worshiped their deities as individuals, some were associated with other gods. [34] The church is dated to the Justinian age,[35] its columns are estimated to be 7 metres (23 ft) high, and its base measured 27.5 by 47.5 metres (90 by 156 ft). [451] In addition to the usual route some Palmyrene merchants used the Red Sea,[452] probably as a result of the Roman–Parthian Wars. [15] In the south and the east Palmyra is exposed to the Syrian Desert. [212] Vespasian reportedly had 8,000 Palmyrene archers in Judea,[212] and Trajan established the first Palmyrene Auxilia in 116 (a camel cavalry unit, Ala I Ulpia dromedariorum Palmyrenorum). [257] The Augustan History also says that Maeonius was proclaimed emperor for a brief period before being killed by the soldiers. [241][242] Palmyra itself remained officially part of the empire but Palmyrene inscriptions started to describe it as a "metrocolonia", indicating that the city's status was higher than normal Roman colonias. [220] This led to new projects, including the theatre, the colonnade and the Temple of Nabu. [100][101] The Palmyrenes buried their dead in elaborate family mausoleums,[102] most with interior walls forming rows of burial chambers (loculi) in which the dead, lying at full length, were placed. ", "Isis driven out of ancient Syrian city of Palmyra for second time", "Damages to Palmyra ruins in Syrian recapture less than feared, experts say", "A Jailed Activist's 3-D Models Could Save Syria's History From ISIS", "What was it Like to be a Palmyrene in the Age of Crisis?
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